This "scientific" article from Sony CSL about 15 min cities has been making the rounds in the news those past few weeks, and uhhh
As far as I can tell it's really bad research? It's based on OSM data without trying to compensate for disparity in coverage. It's based on some weird definition of urban areas that in some cases include several acres of uninhabited mountains, which reduce city averages. Basic mistakes.
https://csl.sony.it/project/the-15-minutes-city/
https://arxiv.org/pdf/2408.03794
For example, when Nature reported on this they included a graph showing Rotterdam as significantly worse than most other large european metros.
Looking at the maps... https://whatif.sonycsl.it/15mincity/15min.php?idcity=7421 it shows places like *all of Hook of Holland* being 30+ min away by foot from "supplies" (supermarkets) and "learning" (schools).
And the urban area includes the whole port of Rotterdam. Which, yeah, I can believe it's not a very walkable neighbourhood?
@delroth The only way I could see that someone might consider Hook of Holland to be part of Rotterdam's urban area is because there's a metro line running there, and the only reason for that is cost-cutting of the train line that that previously was... so yeah, that's a bizarre classification.
@hazelnot @delroth (Which means that some municipalities are comically large and aren't necessarily named after any one of the towns or cities therein, because they tend to get scaled by "population count at which government and admin can be efficiently conducted" rather than anything else, so many small mostly-unrelated towns are likely to group together into a municipality for example)
@joepie91 @delroth I looked into it and it seems like they just pulled the metro area relation/area from OSM, which includes Hook of Holland because apparently it is officially a borough of Rotterdam? At least according to the English Wikipedia page?
https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/324431/history
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Rotterdam#Boroughs