After two days of badblocks and two hours of heavy random read/write operations across all four disks, I think I'm gonna conclude that my new drive array passed its temperature stresstest!
I did have to add some cooling, the drives were getting uncomfortably hot on the R/W tests without some sort of active cooling
(Printable STL for the drive rack is here: https://git.cryto.net/joepie91/modular-hdd-rack)